Acid reflux happens when stomach acid backs up into the esophagus, causing mild to severe heartburn and sometimes pain. There are several different ways to treat this condition.

Making simple dietary changes may be enough for those with mild reflux symptoms. Foods such as chocolate, tomatoes and tomato products, coffee, citrus fruits, and alcohol are frequent causes. Simply eliminating these foods may ease reflux symptoms. Over the counter antacids may help in mild cases. Quitting smoking can help as well.

For those with more severe acid reflux, medication may be necessary. Histamine2 receptor antagonists such as prescription medications like over the counter Tagamet, Pepcid, or Zantac suppress acid and are often used as treatment when changes in lifestyle don’t work. Proton pump inhibitors such as Prilosec and Prevacid may be tried. These work by decreasing the production of acid. However, when these medications are stopped, symptoms often recur, so long term treatment may be necessary.

In long term or especially severe cases surgery may be required. Radiofrequency treatment, done on an outpatient basis, works by improving the thickness of the muscle wall and increases pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter. Another possible surgical treatment is Fundoplication surgery. This involves wrapping the upper curve of the stomach around the esophagus and sewing it into place. This stops stomach acid from backing up into the esophagus. Even after these procedures, acid reflux can still occur, though it usually will not be as severe.